The Brown Tanager Orchesticus abeillei is a small passerine bird and a member of the tanager family. It is the only member of the genus Orchesticus.

The Brown Tanager is c. 17 cm (6½ in) in length and weighs c. 31.5 g. As suggested by its name, the plumage is overall brown. The bill is relatively thick. It is endemic to humid Atlantic forest of south-eastern Brazil at altitudes of 900-1500 m (2950-4900 ft). It forages in the canopy and is typically seen in pairs. It is generally uncommon, but known from several protected areas, such as the Itatiaia National Park.

It will catch insects in the air; in a manner often referred to as sallying. It will also take insects directly off plants.

It lays 2 eggs with a pinkish hue. The larger end of the egg is speckled with brown and lavender.