The Madagascar Grebe Tachybaptus pelzelnii is a grebe found only in western and central Madagascar. It is classified as Vulnerable, with a population of less than 5,000. The most serious threat is, in the west, from reduction of habitat, especially by rice cultivation. Elsewhere predation by carnivorous fish is a problem, and the introduction of exotic, herbivorous fish has limited the development of aquatic vegetation and favoured Little Grebe.

The binomial name commemorates the Austrian ornithologist August von Pelzeln.