The Rufous-tailed Wheatear or Red-tailed Wheatear (Oenanthe xanthoprymna) is a species of bird in the Muscicapidae family. It is found in Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Cyprus, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Georgia, India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Libya, Nepal, Oman, Pakistan, Qatar, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Syria, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, United Arab Emirates, Uzbekistan, and Yemen.

It is also known as Persian Wheatear and Kurdish Wheatear.